Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) is an regional organization established on june 15, 2001 composed of China, Russia, and the four central Asian countries; Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan.[1] SCO is a continuation of Shanghai FIVE cooperation in 1996. The birth of SCO which expanded of two forces between Russia and China is often reffered to as the momentum of birth a new regional axis in the world policital constellation. The organization has become more inclusive over the years and there are now twelve additional Eurasian states associated with the SCO (Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Cambodia, India, Iran, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and Turkey). Each country participating in the SCO faces a mix of religious, ethnic, social, and territorial conflicts (www.Erainstitute.org). The organization targets these issues by focusing on:
Strengthening mutual confidence and good relations among its member countries.
Promoting effective cooperation in politics, trade and economy, science and technology, culture as well as education, energy, transportation, tourism, environmental protection and other fields.
Making joint efforts to maintain and ensure peace, security and stability in the region, moving towards the establishment of a new, democratic, just and rational political and economic international order.[2]
Central Asian country is one of the most strategic regional in world. Central Asian is a former of Soviet Union that has abundant natural resources. Because of that Central Asian become potential oil lines for countries outside of region. Beside the China position and Russia also as a Central Asia’s Neighbor, the emergence SCO makes a new chapter for this region. As a region organization that has important role in Central Asian integration, SCO has main role. The SCO undirectly focused on the concern related with security of members state. So of the describes main threats faced such as presence outsider power in regional (United States and its alliance), separatists, terrorist, and extremist.
After “Black September” tragedy in September 11, 2001, the changes of international political also affect Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) order. United States of America is getting more instense in setting up military base in the Central Asian strategic, so that makes China and Rusia become angry and uncomfortable. Though SCO as a tool for China and Russia to prevents USA influence who increase significantly and also to balancing USA dominant. The action of them also saw from the military activities between Russian and China who held military training for the first time related on USA military base in Uzbekistan and Kirgistan.
However in the further development of SCO itself, Political – Security element so influence in SCO. In the increasing of China global Economic currently, China and Russia shown unagreement on SCO ways. China prefer like SCO more strong to economic cooperation ways and regional integration (Lo 2008 within Dharmaputra 2008), while Russia has political perspective in order unlost ex Soviet Union Countries influence and become USA balancer. The difference perspective between powerful country in SCO, influence the role of this region organization for formation of economic, political and even military cooperation. This thing also affect USA more easy to doing anything in the central region to spread their hegemony. But at the development of SCO currently, the essential why this organization established still being guide to the main goals of this organization such as economic cooperation although beside that found particularly national interest related on the USA hegemony in Central Asian.
Thank you..
[1] Shanghai Coopeation Organization then be called SCO
[2] Available at: http://en.sco-russia.ru/about_sco/20140905/1013180761.html
-Penulis
Bartolomeus Garda Tarigan
Wakil Koordinator Umum 2017/2018
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